so you need to add an entry there for your ESP (/dev/nvme0n1p2) to mount it at /boot/efi .. and then you should reinstall your bootloader (apt install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64)
To setup an existing, unmounted ESP located on /dev/sda2 for inclusion in Proxmox VE’s kernel update synchronization mechanism, use the following:
# proxmox-boot-tool init /dev/sda2
So couldn't I just use # proxmox-boot-tool init /dev/nvme0n1p2 to setup my existing unmounted ESP?
with proxmox-boot-tool, all kernels and initrds are copied to the ESP - which means you are limited by the amount of space on the ESP, and can't keep all kernel versions bootable if you have many of them.