You didn't just FORMAT your drive. Plain format (typically) won't harm much data on a disk. What you did is wrote new data on TOP of old ones so that will literally shred your previous data layout etc. More than that, you've changed filesystem on it.
Sure u might get lucky with recovering some single files yet it's highly unlikely to get many usable files back (especially on your own). If you think that wiping Proxmox and installing Win10 again will help... well... actually it'll make things even waaay worse.
Stop interfering in your disk - each time you do, you make things worse. Every OS boot on it generates many additional random writes (not only reads!). You have no real influence in whitch blocks/sectors disk is about to write data. Data placement is pretty random.
So either start some recovery using live-cd utilities, plug your drive to other PC equipped with its own OS and recovery tools or (unfortunately) visit data recovery technician.
PS. You can visualize your disk as a sandy beach where you 'draw' your data with a stick. If you draw something else in same spot - your previous drawing is corrupted/damaged/unreadable. Only not overwritten spots have a chance to be read.