This thread is a bit old but it is the top google hit for "proxmox debian container no console".
I am just getting started with Proxmox and had this exact problem and it was in fact the IPV6 setting. Set to DHCP, networking service start times out after 5 minutes. Change network config to have IPV6 "static" and "none" and the console prompt comes up immediately.
Confirmed. This is the fix.