It works now on my machine. I listed the drives as '/dev/disk/by-id/ata-....' instead of '/dev/sda*' in '/etc/lvm/lvm.conf' and updated the initramfs. It really was just a configuration error.
@Stoiko Ivanov Thank you very much for your help! Without your help I would have searched for a few weeks more before discovering the configuration error. Your help lead me to the decision to buy a subscription key. Thank you.
@Stoiko Ivanov Thank you very much for your help! Without your help I would have searched for a few weeks more before discovering the configuration error. Your help lead me to the decision to buy a subscription key. Thank you.