The From header in the mail should not be touched by quarantine - the thing that changes is the envelope-from address (to prevent bounces in case the mail cannot be delivered)
Replying in a mail-client usually uses the From header address - so this behavior is odd - could you share:
* the logs of the mail delivery to quarantine
* the logs of the mail delivery from quarantine to the internal recipient
* the mail as .eml
Sent a test mail
* the logs of the mail delivery to quarantine
Mar 28 10:15:44 mx1 postfix/smtpd[35224]: connect from mx2.dmz.del[10.1.12.2]
Mar 28 10:15:44 mx1 postfix/smtpd[35224]: DF0EFC1010: client=mx2.dmz.del[10.1.12.2]
Mar 28 10:15:44 mx1 postfix/cleanup[35229]: DF0EFC1010: message-id <
3DA23ED994F9423AACD1B2401DA1357D@DMZ.DEL>
Mar 28 10:15:44 mx1 postfix/qmgr[939]: DF0EFC1010: from=<
14536768@gmail.com>, size=1094, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Mar 28 10:15:44 mx1 postfix/smtpd[35224]: disconnect from mx2.dmz.del[10.1.12.2] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5
Mar 28 10:15:45 mx1 pmg-smtp-filter[32220]: C10726422942101F14: new mail message-id=<
3DA23ED994F9423AACD1B2401DA1357D@DMZ.DEL>#012
Mar 28 10:15:50 mx1 pmg-smtp-filter[32220]: C10726422942101F14: SA score=1003/5 time=5.206 bayes=undefined autolearn=no autolearn_force=no hits=ALL_TRUSTED(-1),DKIM_ADSP_CUSTOM_MED(0.001),FORGED_GMAIL_RCVD(1),FREEMAIL_ENVFROM_END_DIGIT(0.25),FREEMAIL_FROM(0.001),GTUBE(1000),KAM_DMARC_NONE(0.25),KAM_DMARC_STATUS(0.01),KAM_NUMSUBJECT(0.5),NML_ADSP_CUSTOM_MED(1.2),SPF_SOFTFAIL(0.972),TVD_SPACE_RATIO(0.001)
Mar 28 10:15:50 mx1 pmg-smtp-filter[32220]: C10726422942101F14: moved mail for <
ab@bns123.com> to spam quarantine - C107764229426446DA (rule: Quarantine/Mark Spam (Level 3))
Mar 28 10:15:50 mx1 pmg-smtp-filter[32220]: C10726422942101F14: processing time: 5.286 seconds (5.206, 0.037, 0)
Mar 28 10:15:50 mx1 postfix/lmtp[35230]: DF0EFC1010: to=<
ab@bns123.com>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=5.5, delays=0.2/0/0.04/5.3, dsn=2.5.0, status=sent (250 2.5.0 OK (C10726422942101F14))
Mar 28 10:15:50 mx1 postfix/qmgr[939]: DF0EFC1010: removed
* the logs of the mail delivery from quarantine to the internal recipient
Mar 28 10:20:26 mx1 postfix/smtpd[35287]: connect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1]
Mar 28 10:20:26 mx1 postfix/smtpd[35287]: E9A55C100E: client=localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1]
Mar 28 10:20:27 mx1 postfix/cleanup[35289]: E9A55C100E: message-id=<
3DA23ED994F9423AACD1B2401DA1357D@DMZ.DEL>
Mar 28 10:20:27 mx1 postfix/qmgr[939]: E9A55C100E: from=<
postmaster@mx1.dmz.del>, size=2291, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Mar 28 10:20:27 mx1 postfix/smtpd[35287]: disconnect from localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 commands=4
Mar 28 10:20:27 mx1 postfix/smtp[35290]: E9A55C100E: to=<
ab@bns123.com>, relay=mx3.dmz.del[10.1.12.3]:25, delay=0.15, delays=0.06/0.02/0.01/0.06, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 Message accepted for delivery)
Mar 28 10:20:27 mx1 postfix/qmgr[939]: E9A55C100E: removed
* the mail as .eml
Sorry, can't share it