What action did you take to cause the panic? Just setting the CPU type and booting? Or doing a Mongo-based workload using AVX? I'm running the latest Debian 11 with an AVX CPU and it seems to be stable so far, but I haven't spun up Mongo 5 yet...
My guess would be that kvm64 does not expose any SSE instructions but software/drivers assume various levels of SSE support when they see support for AVX(2). Maybe add more flags or choose a CPU model that has AVX2 support instead of kvm64.
I just configure CPU as added avx cpu and booted.
The OS was Ubuntu 20.04/22.04.
It has nothing to do with MongoDB as it causes a kernel panic during the boot process.
It works when the cpu is set as the host. As leesteken said, might be able to solve it with an extra flag. I just don't know what those extra flags are.