Last but not least for completing the whole picture:
fio write test of a VM Disk using Ceph Pool with the HDD SAS Disks as Storage:
--> IOPS=7, BW=31.9KiB/s, lat=125.31ms
IMHO bad values even for SAS HDDs, isn't it?
Which again leads us to the assumption, that there is sth. wrong more...