ZFS NVMe mirrors, 500 MB/s max when creating backups?

doudou91

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Dec 18, 2024
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I'm testing some stuff with Crucial T700 disks I had laying around, before ordering some better (i.e. enterprise/datacenter grade). I know there is a known gotcha with consumer SSDs and how ZFS in usages like Proxmox will burn through the TBW.

Setting that aside, I was always (naively?) expecting that NVMes, with their crazy sequential speeds that never really apply in real-world scenarios, would be fit-for-purpose for something like creating a backup of a VM. However, whenever I create a backup of a VM, I can't hit more than 500 MB/s in read and write speeds. I also tried with a second set of disks, so that the reads came from one set of mirrors and the writes went to another - and the same 500 MB/s steady-state happened.

What's the gotcha that I am missing? Is it due to ZFS itself? There's more than enough CPU and RAM available when doing the backups, and I set the ionice priority to 0, to no avail.
 
My guess would be a combination of read and write operations at the same time on the disk.

Asuming the backups are written to the disk and uses the same disk to store the VM disk on, I would guess this is just a limitation of the drive when it gets hit with both a havy read and write.
 
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Yeah - that was my theory too. But with all VMs shut down, Proxmox's `rpool` on a different mirror of 16 GB Optanes, and writing the backup to another set of T700s in their own mirror, I get the same numbers... And unless I'm wrong, in that case, there should only be reads on one mirror and writes on the other mirror... Not both R/W?