Just an additional info. It seems that the problem related to kernel version only. I have very similar issues, but:
The machine is new (2 months old)
Had no problem after installed using PVE 8 (Kernel 6.8.12-17-pve)
After 2 weeks upgraded to 9.1 and several ata kernel errors appeared. (kernels 6.17.4-1-pve and 6.17.4-2-pve are tested)
Only solution that seems working: boot into old (6.8.12-17-pve) kernel.
Configuration: B850 board, 2xSamsung 990 EVO Plus (NVME SSDs, usin ZFS mirror - never failed), 4x WD Red HDDs (ZFS radiz1 - always generates errors when 6.17 kernel is booted)
As I see - the common in all cases are the kernel version and the errors. And older kernels always works.