I tested it, unfortunately it was not the cause. Nevertheless, thanks for the tip.
The funny thing is that if I keep typing on the touch screen at frequent intervals, it works for a longer time too. As soon as I do not enter anything for about 45-60 seconds, the touch function does not work anymore.
Could the virtio drivers be the problem? I'm ready to try everything. I'm about to install windows on the PC without proxmox :-(