really slow restore from HDD pool

My obvious reason for leaving out 'small files' is that, isn't every PBS backup chunk a fixed-size file? I thought they were all fixed at 4mb? none smaller, none larger?
Yes, that's correct - as far as I understand.

And then compression is added. The result looks like this:
Code:
.chunks# ls -Al ffff/
total 49094
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 2394832 Oct 20 10:50 ffff0208e856de0ee15d1e048578ec0db60a5ac0ccd3b636639bc32efad04176
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1667526 May 19 03:36 ffff0601afee6c539f451601015e3a405a4d0d36812e2f9360aee0314c851b13
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1866092 Sep 28 03:49 ffff08132bb9d0002f264d785f6ee424949c10bf09451679ea3cd2e2aa5e5dc6
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  140717 Jul 27 11:11 ffff0e66180d74fba79d5095e2227c614fae066f5a31f9d4a792f7b6ed599d20
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup   30868 Oct 21  2022 ffff1ea2c12f074a049e0f5efce42decf3972ee7db3128176c42d6114f41ccc7
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1047460 Aug 31 12:31 ffff23d692a02da529d5adb6315d960bf5f625afb7536ed44378a4314348e9e0
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  398832 Sep 22 07:44 ffff2ca487f2276e1fcbdcdf6a85fa83f097bedd7ab4c77af4ff500cc98004c3
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1732220 Jul  5 16:40 ffff39779683173cf8a704cc525537c600b7bd38f19d30e765bd5953d532091b
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup   85894 Mar 29  2024 ffff3b52db5ed809a4ea01c380aed0a3b5e2584786aff84da2ad0e4618bad506
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  972600 Dec 17  2023 ffff3ccab94835481d04fff0a1599ad40da7ec9a6c4a16daa1a769d22b95e2ff
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 4194316 Aug 24  2023 ffff415dbae4e2735abdf779f9bf8affa2be6a43ac1776ef51f16576c17b29a5
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  388308 Sep 28 03:43 ffff467b1b05c2d3c8c8babfb21dfb4acf8f8c33b6f82bac506e23d71150513d
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1122287 Nov 14  2022 ffff5f05b47a84f2655b0fb748a369a2e1736b34d94a853b88f82da1cffbfd20
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  743526 May 11 10:20 ffff636fd2a434c90fafdc1a64b6ba00c8fdb8df2cdb9c6086f18a63796bd978
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1015297 Sep 28 03:40 ffff6441036f16565721152a1427119cab0b1180dbee5cc53c0cd26e0b716a9f
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  492373 May 19 03:46 ffff6e657033ac04ed1c2044358f12586c27329a20e506904080f6998de75f53
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1762408 Dec 31  2022 ffff6f42383717ec57929dd18186515e23f35aeb4bc5b6318eefa06ed52dc340
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 2074187 Dec 19  2021 ffff70cbe6bbd01520fd561cb6a0f66df398ffe5f088cad00fbac1d18db79c4e
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  284209 Jul 20 09:26 ffff776b4fbe3d8faa24721b217e3862568f3e4e20c07ee08bf62303ce251fb7
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  602787 Nov  2 14:36 ffff885dc925430bffca6bb200c7a30a291519eb18209351a828c5743b3201dc
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 4194316 Mar 29  2024 ffff8c9281aea5094c9323584b162b64dffc6f31aa56122dbbc0a635309d87fa
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 4194316 Dec  8  2021 ffff8f124690ba74567199eb8d3f6cba0536a0721567fff5ae2780f7976696db
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  565061 Feb 18  2024 ffff937531d48ed50d44bb58f56260bd19eea6f33d531441814f1687edeaddb3
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  840529 Mar 29  2024 ffff98136d46b336a9b7a7cddcbdfc147ef1cbe98fc1d7022ae54e46c25fc4d9
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  298051 Aug 31 11:19 ffff9b32856ee935fcb5af38e2cf49f71312debd90d62e6aa5f1a3e3976f0d5c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  829905 Oct 20 10:40 ffffa67d49effc0d385f3bd43fe0bfad96483a26ed025de7c8af18d123bd729b
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  976994 Feb 24  2024 ffffa6f3d39c0ff96ca0fe797cd6565a2859991edf63248598c46811e9cfff7b
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1331774 Oct 20 11:55 ffffcef3d3e6e0db2ec26b67ab995c02787a50b0a4d39c8e02246a3730eef629
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1802265 Nov  2 15:42 ffffd6dbdb514dad04c0576fb7c61572f3b0be28f1f9aba7f6111c07808aa23a
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 4194316 Sep 28 04:02 ffffdfccce79aad219647c5363ae277d8b79783dbccdadf097126ab0ef7fba1b
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 4194316 Dec 21  2022 ffffe9a1ee4dc913aea117ec4e27ea9cb405a2f4b8b2508871a8f750bfa55e75
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  870853 Oct 26 03:29 ffffeead733cb1e5203bedf3165db8e6236adb4ee687285ff92ea67a357effd5
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  229058 Oct 12 15:15 fffff67966935e99a3b47d6d4f6fa74de612f6efea8ea7ee7f948ecc993fb7b0


On a first glance I see five files with the full 4MiB in size. Everythings else needs less space...

Note that this happens on application layer, not in ZFS. PBS is filesystem-agnostic :)
 
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Yes, that's correct - as far as I understand.

And then compression is added. The result looks like this:
Code:
.chunks# ls -Al ffff/
total 49094
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 2394832 Oct 20 10:50 ffff0208e856de0ee15d1e048578ec0db60a5ac0ccd3b636639bc32efad04176
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1667526 May 19 03:36 ffff0601afee6c539f451601015e3a405a4d0d36812e2f9360aee0314c851b13
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1866092 Sep 28 03:49 ffff08132bb9d0002f264d785f6ee424949c10bf09451679ea3cd2e2aa5e5dc6
..
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1047460 Aug 31 12:31 ffff23d692a02da529d5adb6315d960bf5f625afb7536ed44378a4314348e9e0
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  398832 Sep 22 07:44 ffff2ca487f2276e1fcbdcdf6a85fa83f097bedd7ab4c77af4ff500cc98004c3
...


On a first glance I see five files with the full 4MiB in size. Everythings else needs less space...

Note that this happens on application layer, not in ZFS. PBS is filesystem-agnostic :)
ah, yes, of course.
I have just ordered 3x960GB to use for special device. I think I will put them in a RAIDZ and steal some space for the boot/os.
Maybe I will try small_files too. perhaps everytyhing under 512kb.
Here is what I see:
Code:
root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/RAIDZ/.chunks/aaaa# ls -lh
total 94M
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.9M Aug  2 21:16 aaaa028d5af272447599c3fd3363406bc25147b4d9dda3947c5ea49e46340a4f
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.5M Aug  2 21:09 aaaa06449c780baa060e6cf1579bf7971df2f0e45fecd525277c7840ddfad3b6
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  4.1M Jul 30 01:49 aaaa06c387d4a6d818a21818b19d0ab14a252e2df876dab8b12dcd17684bbd09
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  467K Aug  5 21:01 aaaa086fea34a5f0f7336c6974da3ab2ea356da45526fb25d2753f0457eebb6a
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.8M Sep  9 21:04 aaaa14ffdf1ded6bec17cd325fa60cf6175c54a4857f50330a631444f73d9406
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  303K Jul  5 21:12 aaaa15708de72d1185d5f7553612c1c65c047242d98dfbea8fc245a4cca59e0f
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  949K Aug  2 21:02 aaaa185ae2f86c349aef8757ead02d527ec2a4a9892c0a25500553d7add6a4ba
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  307K Oct  1 21:01 aaaa187d130aeae5aae2d133c4c2613e83f3638587f3044d4fdbd7b60bdc2ccc
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  713K Jul  1 21:01 aaaa1ebdc6033375f8b00b976b56b91bd2ccfe1432b14cf489d52d0a00cdc998
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  319K Oct 11 21:02 aaaa31b36254ccba59988d2492f2d909c5b58dd22e23bf5a1ce3788f220a8adf
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.9M Sep  2 21:04 aaaa338bf0c695df497bade71d3d39410adca6668e594e92e0433fd44965466c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.5M Aug 12 21:04 aaaa3636ef09b134f74645dfbedbef56095f92f2f4271d071682cb3919bfd3c6
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  307K Sep 23 21:01 aaaa3a57c92babeccfcbda28f8e0cb139ec1e93609fe441c5ba020ab54459004
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.8M Jul  4 21:02 aaaa3afebad2a7a30b453112387b66679b13f85ebae9028b53f5eae31e4956bb
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  362K Jul 16 21:01 aaaa46397c0cf1ee297d0eceeb8624f90ffcbb31d7cd189f46f43ac25f428702
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  3.1M Jul 29 23:58 aaaa48077d23feac796cce0dd8a451925edf54f88979c2b1323de6bf061b9f77
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  399K Jul 29 23:57 aaaa566cfd100c21b3cc860fb1b800028f7abda84f46d5a9ae13cb64955798c0
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  625K Jul  5 21:10 aaaa5b9f34725f8249f9cdda9f17ee63dc654a1ed5a2c526e9c44b05e7a9c1ad
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  287K Sep  4 21:01 aaaa608cfd0906569947a73384aa6949627654293148eab0e41dfce5d521cb7c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  326K Oct 10 21:02 aaaa646379eab3160d5c25b23f1a1fef553ba2d074c152219a5c83cb432ebbd8
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.7M Sep  8 21:03 aaaa6561459f7f2f9b33231f32587bfb9e5d572fe99afec7812865cb446c82ee
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.2M Sep 14 21:02 aaaa65a7ecc60c67af53a6c9d8791a46c918097574f7f697e76f94e0aad7745e
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.6M Aug 13 21:03 aaaa6b0957f2819d5a740dc47bb2105c2d210d229549f368d69fae9df190cc6c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  829K Jul  7 21:02 aaaa6b640760908c63b6a0fa5bf979b316dfbaca113778786c4db1e9a886bee8
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  708K Sep 13 21:05 aaaa6e50b2e7ec5ba0c9c1b05d41b9fbe7ce7faec2479b89b26daff12c7e3652
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.6M Jul 30 00:09 aaaa71da67c7fbee1c743657e43a9d41dcd4c3df23d1b9b5d8d903699c5d7a49
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  393K Jul 30 21:06 aaaa77b10125b5915f22fd18c504850708ce68c6767066019a7cfdff194818f3
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  278K Oct  9 21:01 aaaa7a16a310501d53b8a93d1d5630bfd5bbd905ac31f468ab0b7d200f790e68
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  282K Jul  9 21:01 aaaa8063c0ba7a8851b65a40637e5576f371dc36bcf405192dea6170651bed16
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.5M Jul 29 23:52 aaaa889830643ae9d68a08a3462e581ed1075a82620b16c44d0a64cd49ce45c2
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.5M Sep 30 21:06 aaaa8a70e1057ef3202d12581773548edd8b77c7bdcab1f0a77cc1003a674e70
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.3M Aug  7 21:02 aaaa8b4d4bc2828c493ad98d05d71fe50b7060e8402faa5eb15b86c957701f20
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  531K Aug 12 21:02 aaaa900f84857c2bd66deba2ae493c660c2f27bfaee44f4a1fbf93b442e7216d
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.4M Jul 31 21:02 aaaa92965db5b76a589d046ba057694c59365222ab1b9b6e75d6202f95f5e2a5
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  797K Sep 12 21:03 aaaa987cebd1aaff87605492df441aba9fd64bfbf423277ed76ef6f8f2758373
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.7M Jul 29 23:47 aaaa9883245be8deafad243ff962dbdaaa118cf5d82ad5334e8408af945c12ec
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.7M Aug 26 21:02 aaaa997f92cc4e6caa6da32a0690f3aa16b27927a6ad860a5c8a6bea333ce9af
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.6M Oct  9 21:08 aaaa9a7733d82ef29cf03fd62d6d4d338d532f63f9613785e64211363cb8535f
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  976K Jul 30 02:26 aaaa9b211064b638b48c610f8906f2a689a7149cb33627781655df2a8933561c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  392K Aug 21 21:04 aaaaa1e0cd58aed8232a0334eb8efade482de10db6427fd8ed6e31bb749ec1ed
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  408K Sep  6 21:01 aaaaa2a1cd4ad9d4e5c164720168ed4bdcb73d5a5389204dfff379c9c8147fef
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  448K Aug  2 21:03 aaaaa5e835965951c8641b5e974516e06061f142db3c844301068204263fdfba
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.9M Sep  3 21:04 aaaab5df39e4966081b517aff2f12a75b352b7da280daccb340642aec1f3dc9c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  4.1M Jul 30 02:05 aaaabd6e4ee348b8a0531af9e1cf243ce1c36adca4d20bde1a04b76980d39cbb
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  446K Oct 20 21:01 aaaabf913fdb242887fe1188d3175e5355f585325e4a23e7aed3d76b9486cd1c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  354K Jul  8 21:01 aaaabfa17f989533d64ea96b8bd17a1c2d5d4cf16b89421f20ad133bd1a0bf0f
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  2.4M Oct  7 21:03 aaaabfbf70ca6951ed07cf881604c635493237ddc62d0b796b0597126ca0f864
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  257K Jul 21 21:01 aaaac0a0f51ceec77a5eac7c27afd97cea2217486774384bc1bd86851c2c452c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.3M Oct 16 21:01 aaaac3a74a51e109df5bbe748d1fbe91a270456520c278425c2418acb1d9a329
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  270K Aug 20 21:01 aaaac4aed257e60d688fe8233612a5540dede5e77c05fbae0c798bb3613e47b3
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.9M Aug 30 21:05 aaaac50afa9f9472688f1a5b15549c460c8e1afb1583b0e7e72b898a46d6ea40
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  3.5M Jul  1 21:02 aaaac56929d8ad9ab09e51c52e9983fa15807f1485bba86568e9623eeeedcd2c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  3.0M Aug  2 21:18 aaaac5b32cbfe01942d81ce923cb09a0f6032389c7ceb0f5ab186913f49a004a
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.6M Aug  9 21:03 aaaac68ce23f1a7dd2929ccbb55cc0421e716bbf66cbcd540291a022174d304c
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  288K Jul 19 21:01 aaaaca09863943a538a50b2d0b624d85b44d2607112794389176bc1cf1e29847
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  3.1M Jul 30 01:58 aaaacf9b98be84de414ad19cda8e04a8210f160e0c7c4cdb500c2d5b9b02e70d
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 1014K Aug 30 21:03 aaaad5953a202559c6b941863187707efacc1fff77158db35d10420116d951ff
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  3.8M Sep 15 21:02 aaaadaea5f60aafeadd3952c6bc49dfabfc379891e64498760e4178a7c6ad990
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  776K Oct  8 21:04 aaaadb686395045635effcd66de2dbdcc7a76bfec454069c0662db4d206b0634
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.4M Jul 30 01:03 aaaadbd6392b6c9205fd59d3528e1f58c56299dfb02180ff59569b5fa0e9d439
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  322K Oct 18 21:01 aaaae3c15ba84cd5ab917fa974195d41855aef0ced5a1192bf3f38af3455e869
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  3.0M Oct  8 21:07 aaaae474ef9e31b11b607a26c759373e51330193f387de13cb9fc5c29adbf348
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  334K Nov  1 21:02 aaaae6db2bc83db642ba4b84530e4dda4b5d57c3029cda6a0c9cc72002761f53
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.9M Oct  7 21:06 aaaae78a95855b027051650958d2775589cd054e6ae8c6b36ca110606e809ea5
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  269K Oct 17 21:01 aaaaed43ad034978551f1fbf23047c0796feaff78e9fcd4c5767c138cf10ac18
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  294K Sep 11 21:01 aaaaf15d00b211be862a133ab2ce0611ac93f76719b1294298a710798201adec
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  1.9M Jul 31 21:05 aaaaf559d9364d53cc533cf8504e6fc670806ec232cf021cfb082f0a4cf29656
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  299K Aug  1 21:13 aaaaff357739854eb2dfbd87027f9fa7514db7ca05dbd1145a857c626c0aa5d3
 
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