The output does not seem to hint at a QEMU-internal deadlock.Several VM's this test round, 120 as the example. I stopped the backup as it got stuck and the VM was frozen.
Code:
INFO: 26% (764.0 MiB of 2.8 GiB) in 6s, read: 60.0 MiB/s, write: 58.7 MiB/s
INFO: 29% (856.0 MiB of 2.8 GiB) in 1h 20m 55s, read: 19.4 KiB/s, write: 19.4 KiB/s
Do you run the backup at the same time for multiple nodes? If yes, scheduling at different times could help.
Is the network used for backup different than the one for Ceph? If not, it's recommended to separate it.
In general, you can try setting a bandwidth limit for the backup job and also enable backup fleecing, those might help already.
If nothing helps, what exactly are the symptoms of being "frozen" (console/network/...)? Is there anything in the guest's system logs from around the time of the issue?