You could look into setting up virtiofsd or 9p for accessing a filesystem on the host from inside a VM. Or unmount the disk from the host and try USB passthrough. If that does not work, you could consider PCIe passthrough of a whole USB controller (but that might not be possible). A bind-mount to a container instead of a VM would probably much simpler (except for file permissions). I hope these "search terms" can get you started on evaluating each approach.