anything relevant in the output of `dmesg` (after the installation gets aborted)
also check /var/log/Xorg.0.log for hints (my guess being that X cannot start for the graphical installer)
if none of this helps you can always install PVE on top of a debian buster installation:
https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster