So after exporting that same card under Debian 10, I am getting a similar issue.
Here are some logs from dmesg:
[ 1.552958] mpt2sas_cm0: Allocated physical memory: size(5502 kB)
[ 1.552961] mpt2sas_cm0: Current Controller Queue Depth(10104),Max Controller Queue Depth(10240)
[ 1.552961] mpt2sas_cm0: Scatter Gather Elements per IO(128)
[ 1.601128] mpt2sas_cm0: LSISAS2308: FWVersion(20.00.07.00), ChipRevision(0x05), BiosVersion(07.39.02.00)
[ 1.601129] mpt2sas_cm0: Protocol=(
[ 1.601130] Initiator
[ 1.601130] ,Target
[ 1.601131] ),
[ 1.601131] Capabilities=(
[ 1.601131] TLR
[ 1.601132] ,EEDP
[ 1.601132] ,Snapshot Buffer
[ 1.601132] ,Diag Trace Buffer
[ 1.601133] ,Task Set Full
[ 1.601133] ,NCQ
[ 1.601133] )
[ 1.601236] scsi host0: Fusion MPT SAS Host
[ 1.650048] mpt2sas_cm0: sending port enable !!
[ 1.653042] random: fast init done
[ 1.654714] mpt2sas_cm0: host_add: handle(0x0001), sas_addr(0x500605b005842a60), phys(8)
[ 1.668950] mpt2sas_cm0: port enable: SUCCESS
[ 1.671318] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.671322] scsi 0:0:0:0: SSP: handle(0x0009), sas_addr(0x5000cca070903559), phy(0), device_name(0x5000cca07090355b)
[ 1.671330] scsi 0:0:0:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(3)
[ 1.675301] scsi 0:0:1:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.675304] scsi 0:0:1:0: SSP: handle(0x000a), sas_addr(0x5000cca07089fd19), phy(1), device_name(0x5000cca07089fd1b)
[ 1.675305] scsi 0:0:1:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(2)
[ 1.679295] scsi 0:0:2:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.679299] scsi 0:0:2:0: SSP: handle(0x000b), sas_addr(0x5000cca07087a249), phy(2), device_name(0x5000cca07087a24b)
[ 1.679300] scsi 0:0:2:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(1)
[ 1.685119] scsi 0:0:3:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.685123] scsi 0:0:3:0: SSP: handle(0x000c), sas_addr(0x5000cca07089ff8d), phy(3), device_name(0x5000cca07089ff8f)
[ 1.685124] scsi 0:0:3:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(0)
[ 1.688523] scsi 0:0:4:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.688526] scsi 0:0:4:0: SSP: handle(0x000d), sas_addr(0x5000cca07087ac55), phy(4), device_name(0x5000cca07087ac57)
[ 1.688527] scsi 0:0:4:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(7)
[ 1.695817] scsi 0:0:5:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.695820] scsi 0:0:5:0: SSP: handle(0x000e), sas_addr(0x5000cca0708a0079), phy(5), device_name(0x5000cca0708a007b)
[ 1.695821] scsi 0:0:5:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(6)
[ 1.699863] scsi 0:0:6:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.699866] scsi 0:0:6:0: SSP: handle(0x000f), sas_addr(0x5000cca0708a0a99), phy(6), device_name(0x5000cca0708a0a9b)
[ 1.699867] scsi 0:0:6:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(5)
[ 1.704782] scsi 0:0:7:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUC109060CSS600 A720 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1.704785] scsi 0:0:7:0: SSP: handle(0x0010), sas_addr(0x5000cca0709008bd), phy(7), device_name(0x5000cca0709008bf)
[ 1.704786] scsi 0:0:7:0: enclosure logical id (0x500605b005842a60), slot(4)
[ 1.711407] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.712094] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.712095] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.712531] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 1.712533] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.712611] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.712953] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.712954] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.713133] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.713214] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 1.713216] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.713543] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.713588] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.713785] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.713819] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.713893] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.713894] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.713902] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.714038] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.714159] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.714160] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.714167] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[ 1.714168] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.714169] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.714170] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.714176] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.714269] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.714270] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.714371] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.714372] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.714421] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] Write Protect is off
[ 1.714422] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.714440] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] Write Protect is off
[ 1.714441] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.714490] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 1.714490] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] 520-byte physical blocks
[ 1.714511] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.714530] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] Write Protect is off
[ 1.714531] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.714615] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] Write Protect is off
[ 1.714616] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.714780] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.714797] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.714807] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] Write Protect is off
[ 1.714808] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] Mode Sense: f7 00 10 08
[ 1.714954] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.714997] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.715222] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 1.716692] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.716970] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.717645] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.717928] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.718364] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.718509] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.718654] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.719389] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 1.720622] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.720918] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.721153] sd 0:0:2:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.721393] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.721808] sd 0:0:7:0: [sdi] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.722472] sd 0:0:5:0: [sdg] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.722597] sd 0:0:6:0: [sdh] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.723182] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] Attached SCSI disk
[ 6.128198] sd 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 6.128935] sr 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 5
[ 6.128973] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 6.129000] sd 0:0:1:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[ 6.129027] sd 0:0:2:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[ 6.129052] sd 0:0:3:0: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0
[ 6.129079] sd 0:0:4:0: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0
[ 6.129104] sd 0:0:5:0: Attached scsi generic sg7 type 0
[ 6.129130] sd 0:0:6:0: Attached scsi generic sg8 type 0
[ 6.129155] sd 0:0:7:0: Attached scsi generic sg9 type 0
[ 2834.002656] sd 0:0:0:0: [sdb] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 2836.785096] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdc] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 2838.602652] sd 0:0:3:0: [sde] Unsupported sector size 520.
[ 2840.039604] sd 0:0:4:0: [sdf] Unsupported sector size 520.
The last 4 errors show up in dmesg when trying to fdisk those devices.