RAID1 can handle more read IOPS, RAID0 can also handle more write IOPS. I went from one disk (which ZFS also calls RAID0) to RAID1 and then to RAID10. I have not really noticed the speed inside a VM (like my desktop, its quick enough) but snapshot backups in the background of all VMs did get a lot faster.
What I remember that helped me most (when using 1 or 2 drives) was a ZFS pool for the host separate from the VMs and containers. A busy VM would sometimes slow down the host or vice versa (and the Proxmox filesystem does not need to be very fast). This was with version 3 or 4. I don't know if this still applies.