From a Proxmox perspective, yes, you can clone any VM. From an AD perspective: Just don't do it.
Install a new server and proceed with the promotion of the server. Your AD will probably break if you simply clone the server as the internal data of the domain may not be able to distinguish your two DC's. Maybe someone on Windows AD or Samba AD forums/maillists can give you any other guidance on this, but I prefer not to reinvent the wheel.