I don't know the exact relation between kpartx and multipath, but what you do can essentially be achieved with kpartx too, on the host, without the tedious task of managing a new linux vm for the purpose. The kpartx+LVM tools combo didn't cause any trouble on Proxmox for me, it's working as expected.
On another note, I'm currently planning our new backup strategy and I'm trying to figure an automated way for cloning NTFS volumes effectively, very much like your solution. My problem is that it would require the shutdown of the Win VMs, disrupting service availability. Now because of this I'm leaning towards agent-based solutions (testing Bacula ATM), that enables me to notify applications of the backup and do everything necessary so they can be backed up in a consistent way, but without stopping the whole vm.
On another note, I'm currently planning our new backup strategy and I'm trying to figure an automated way for cloning NTFS volumes effectively, very much like your solution. My problem is that it would require the shutdown of the Win VMs, disrupting service availability. Now because of this I'm leaning towards agent-based solutions (testing Bacula ATM), that enables me to notify applications of the backup and do everything necessary so they can be backed up in a consistent way, but without stopping the whole vm.