You don't need to fix the filesystem, yet. You just need it RW for the duration of the live migration attempt. You have not said what type of storage is backing the data of these VMs, so I don't know if it's even possible to move the VMs at all.
I guess, you could turn off the offending node and offline migrate the VMs. Make sure you get the config backups in advance:
https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/move-vm-from-a-dead-node-to-a-second-node.139095/
Please understand that any suggestion here is not a guaranteed way to recover. Only you have access to the full view and understanding of your environment. If these are important services, you should have subscription/support/backups in place.
Good luck
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