So you have NO full-VM/LXC backups that can be restored?
https://github.com/kneutron/ansitest/blob/master/proxmox/proxmox-recover-vm-disks-without-backup.sh
If you have another proxmox server that can be temporarily used for recovery ( ideally you would be setting up a new dedicated server for this: )
Fresh install PVE to a new disk, with no other disks connected**. You can use e.g. a Samsung T7 for this. NOTE the pve installer will wipe the target disk(s) for boot/root. Shutdown.
** The reason for this is to have NO vmid conflicts from the old server trying to compete with an existing proxmox install.
Move/migrate the storage disks from the old server to the new one. Leave the server's "regular" disks disconnected - this is important.
Boot from the T7. Define storage as applicable in Datacenter / Storage so it "sees" the lvm-thin and any ZFS pools from the old server config. Recreate network settings as-needed, and only to the point where everything runs.
> I do have the container and VM configuration files from the "root" partition
At least you have that. Copy the config files to the appropriate dirs in /etc/pve on the new / temporary install and then run the script above.
READ THE NOTES in the script BEFORE running.
If/When you have everything up and running again, setup Proxmox Backup Server on separate hardware (take advantage of dedup) and
DO A PROPER BACKUP of all VM/LXC. Then
make a note to schedule regular recurring backup jobs.
After all backups have completed, you can shutdown and reboot the original proxmox server without the T7, with its original disks in place - and WITHOUT the dead server's storage, then restore the VM/LXCs you just backed up from PBS to new VMids.
PROTIP - install webmin (runs on port 10000) on the T7, and keep it handy as a portable PVE recovery environment. WeLees for GUI LVM management may also be worth looking into.
Going forward, you
need a proper DR plan, and regular full backups to CYA. PBS will run on e.g. an old quad-core laptop with 4-8GB RAM and 1-2TB SSD. There is literally NO reason not to implement it, even for homelab.
https://github.com/kneutron/ansitest/tree/master/proxmox
Look into the bkpcrit script, point it to separate disk / NAS, run it nightly in cron. Lots of other good admin scripts in that repo.