Questions about SATA expansion cards

X

xingg

New Member
Aug 2, 2024
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This is my first time using PVE
My English is not very good. I will use translation software to communicate with you

I have a problem
The version of PVE I am using is 8.2.2

I own a SATA expansion card, his model is
0b:00.0 SATA controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller (rev 02)

I select this SATA expansion card for the hardware of the virtual machine - add PCI devices - and then click Power on, and the PVE freezes, which confused me

Can someone tell me how to do it? Thank you very much, friends, and I wish you all the best
 
lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DMI2 (rev 01)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 01)
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 01)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 01)
00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Map/VTd_Misc/System Management (rev 01)
00:05.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D IIO Hot Plug (rev 01)
00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D IIO RAS/Control Status/Global Errors (rev 01)
00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D I/O APIC (rev 01)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI (rev 05)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #2 (rev 05)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev d5)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4 (rev d5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev d5)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Q87 Express LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
01:00.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1806 (rev 01)
02:00.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1806 (rev 01)
02:02.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1806 (rev 01)
02:06.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1806 (rev 01)
02:0e.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1806 (rev 01)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller (rev 05)
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller (rev 05)
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller (rev 05)
06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller (rev 05)
07:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Kingston Technology Company, Inc. NV1 NVMe SSD SM2263XT (rev 03)
0a:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 1b)
0b:00.0 SATA controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller (rev 02)
ff:0b.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D R3 QPI Link 0/1 (rev 01)
ff:0b.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D R3 QPI Link 0/1 (rev 01)
ff:0b.2 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D R3 QPI Link 0/1 (rev 01)
ff:0b.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D R3 QPI Link Debug (rev 01)
ff:0c.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0c.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0c.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0c.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0c.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0c.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0c.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0c.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0d.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0f.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0f.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0f.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0f.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:0f.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Caching Agent (rev 01)
ff:10.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D R2PCIe Agent (rev 01)
ff:10.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D R2PCIe Agent (rev 01)
ff:10.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Ubox (rev 01)
ff:10.6 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Ubox (rev 01)
ff:10.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Ubox (rev 01)
ff:12.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Home Agent 0 (rev 01)
ff:12.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Home Agent 0 (rev 01)
ff:12.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Home Agent 1 (rev 01)
ff:12.5 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Home Agent 1 (rev 01)
ff:13.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Target Address/Thermal/RAS (rev 01)
ff:13.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Target Address/Thermal/RAS (rev 01)
ff:13.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 01)
ff:13.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 01)
ff:13.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 0/1 Broadcast (rev 01)
ff:13.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Global Broadcast (rev 01)
ff:14.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Channel 0 Thermal Control (rev 01)
ff:14.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Channel 1 Thermal Control (rev 01)
ff:14.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Channel 0 Error (rev 01)
ff:14.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 0 - Channel 1 Error (rev 01)
ff:14.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 0/1 Interface (rev 01)
ff:14.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 0/1 Interface (rev 01)
ff:14.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 0/1 Interface (rev 01)
ff:14.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 0/1 Interface (rev 01)
ff:16.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Target Address/Thermal/RAS (rev 01)
ff:16.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Target Address/Thermal/RAS (rev 01)
ff:16.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 01)
ff:16.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Channel Target Address Decoder (rev 01)
ff:16.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 2/3 Broadcast (rev 01)
ff:16.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Global Broadcast (rev 01)
ff:17.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 1 - Channel 0 Thermal Control (rev 01)
ff:17.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 1 - Channel 1 Thermal Control (rev 01)
ff:17.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 1 - Channel 0 Error (rev 01)
ff:17.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Memory Controller 1 - Channel 1 Error (rev 01)
ff:17.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 2/3 Interface (rev 01)
ff:17.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 2/3 Interface (rev 01)
ff:17.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 2/3 Interface (rev 01)
ff:17.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D DDRIO Channel 2/3 Interface (rev 01)
ff:1e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Power Control Unit (rev 01)
ff:1e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Power Control Unit (rev 01)
ff:1e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Power Control Unit (rev 01)
ff:1e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Power Control Unit (rev 01)
ff:1e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Power Control Unit (rev 01)
ff:1f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Power Control Unit (rev 01)
ff:1f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v4/Xeon E5 v4/Xeon E3 v4/Xeon D Power Control Unit (rev 01)
 
xingg said:
I select this SATA expansion card for the hardware of the virtual machine - add PCI devices - and then click Power on, and the PVE freezes, which confused me
Click to expand...
Check your IOMMU groups: https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/PCI_Passthrough#Verify_IOMMU_isolation (please read about IOMMU groups).
xingg said:
Can someone tell me how to do it? Thank you very much, friends, and I wish you all the best
Click to expand...
If the SATA controller is not isolated in its own IOMMU group, try putting it in another PCIe slot. Search the forum for SATA controllers that work and don't work. Not all hardware works with passthrough.
 
Are you sure that none of the Proxmox drives are connected to that SATA controller? What is the output of ls -alh /dev/disk/by-path/pci-000:0b:00.0*?
 
xingg said:
感谢您的回复，我会检查此链接，但我有点困惑
Click to expand...
Since you gave very little information, I assumed it would be a IOMMU group conflict with devices essential to Proxmox. That's why I provided the link, in case you did not know about that.
 
leesteken said:
What is the output of cat /proc/cmdline? If you are using pcie_acs_override, then the IOMMU group information is not valid.
Did you search the internet for people that were successful with passthrough of that same SATA contoler?/
Click to expand...
root@pve:~# cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.8.4-2-pve root=/dev/mapper/pve-root ro quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction


When i was using the E**i program (I'm not sure if this forum can say the name :), the SATA expansion card can be directly used in the virtual machine but I just changed to PVE so I'm not sure how to do it
 
leesteken said:
Are you sure that none of the Proxmox drives are connected to that SATA controller? What is the output of ?ls -alh /dev/disk/by-path/pci-000:0b:00.0*
Click to expand...
root@pve:~# ls -alh /dev/disk/by-path/pci-000:0b:00.0*
ls: cannot access '/dev/disk/by-path/pci-000:0b:00.0*': No such file or directory

There are two hard drives mounted on this SATA expansion card that the PVE can recognize but I did not mount these two hard drives to any of the virtual machines and did not add this PCI device to them
 
leesteken said:
由于您提供的信息很少，我认为这将是 IOMMU 组与 Proxmox 必不可少的设备发生冲突。这就是我提供链接的原因，以防您不知道这一点。
Click to expand...
我通过谷歌搜索应该是这个问题，但我确定该怎么办。我已经重新安装了大约6次PVE系统，这有多难
 
xingg said:
root@pve:~# cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.8.4-2-pve root=/dev/mapper/pve-root ro quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction

When i was using the E**i program (I'm not sure if this forum can say the name :), the SATA expansion card can be directly used in the virtual machine but I just changed to PVE so I'm not sure how to do it
Click to expand...
Knowing that it worked with ESXi does give useful information. From the original post, it was not clear how much you know or tried. Do you need the pcie_acs_override? Just "breaking the groups" does not guarantee that it will work (with Linux).

Maybe the SATA controller does not reset properly and you need to early bind it to vfio-pci? You would probably also need a softdep to make sure the normal driver does not load. I cannot tell you in detail how to do it because i don't see the output of lspci -nnks 0b:00.
 
xingg said:
我通过谷歌搜索应该是这个问题，但我确定该怎么办。我已经重新安装了大约6次PVE系统，这有多难
Click to expand...
PCI(e) passthrough is always trial and error and there are no guarantees that is will work or when it works that it will not stop working as soon as you update something (like the kernel or the motherboard BIOS). That's just the way it is with Proxmox, they don't specifically tests for all possible hardware passthrough (as that is also the opposite of virtualization for big enterprises).
 
leesteken said:
PCI(e) passthrough is always trial and error and there are no guarantees that is will work or when it works that it will not stop working as soon as you update something (like the kernel or the motherboard BIOS). That's just the way it is with Proxmox, they don't specifically tests for all possible hardware passthrough (as that is also the opposite of virtualization for big enterprises).
Click to expand...
root@pve:~# lspci -nnks 0b:00
0b:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:0612] (rev 02)
Subsystem: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:1060]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci

I carefully read your link, and through google search, I think I should know how to do, and I also google a friend who has the same problem with me, but I do not know how to operate


As of writing, the ACS patch is part of the Proxmox VE kernel and can be invoked via Editing the kernel command line. Add

pcie_acs_override=downstream

to the kernel boot command line (grub or systemd-boot) options.


Where should I modify this pcie_acs_override=downstream
Write to nano /etc/default/grub?
Then use update-grub?
 
xingg said:
root@pve:~# lspci -nnks 0b:00
0b:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:0612] (rev 02)
Subsystem: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:1060]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci

I carefully read your link, and through google search, I think I should know how to do, and I also google a friend who has the same problem with me, but I do not know how to operate
Click to expand...
Add options vfio-pci ids=1b21:0612 and softdep ahci: pre vfio-pci to a .conf-file in the /etc/modprobe.d directory. Or if you have no files yet with vfio-pci options, just add anew vfio.conf file. Then run update-initramfs -u and reboot. Check with lspci -nnks 0b:00 after a reboot and before starting the VM if the driver in use is vfio-pci.
xingg said:
As of writing, the ACS patch is part of the Proxmox VE kernel and can be invoked via Editing the kernel command line. Add

pcie_acs_override=downstream

to the kernel boot command line (grub or systemd-boot) options.


Where should I modify this pcie_acs_override=downstream
Write to nano /etc/default/grub?
Then use update-grub?
Click to expand...
It depends which bootloader your Proxmox uses. Let's first see if the solution above works and maybe then remove the insecure pcie_acs_override. I assume you added it yourself?
 
leesteken said:
Add options vfio-pci ids=1b21:0612 and softdep ahci: pre vfio-pci to a .conf-file in the /etc/modprobe.d directory. Or if you have no files yet with vfio-pci options, just add anew vfio.conf file. Then run update-initramfs -u and reboot. Check with lspci -nnks 0b:00 after a reboot and before starting the VM if the driver in use is vfio-pci.

It depends which bootloader your Proxmox uses. Let's first see if the solution above works and maybe then remove the insecure pcie_acs_override. I assume you added it yourself?
Click to expand...
softdep ahci: pre vfio-pci
I don't understand this command should I write it to vfio.conf or type it into the ssh console?
 
xingg said:
softdep ahci: pre vfio-pci
I don't understand this command should I write it to vfio.conf or type it into the ssh console?
Click to expand...
It's not a comand and It goes inside the vfio.conf just like the other line. If makes sure that Linux loads vfio-pci (which will bind to the device because of the other line) before it loads ahci.
 
1722610120203.png1722610157759.png
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1722610265886.pngThis is my operation, please help me to check, if there is no problem, I will restart PVE for verification, thank you very much for your answer to me
 

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leesteken said:
It's not a comand and It goes inside the vfio.conf just like the other line. If makes sure that Linux loads vfio-pci (which will bind to the device because of the other line) before it loads ahci.
Click to expand...
It seems that the result of the update-initramfs -u SSH command is incorrect?:eek:
 
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