Admittedly, I'm still confused by how Linux itself reports its own RAM usage, but I'm realizing that I need to actually understand this better.
I've set up a Debian 13 VM with 4 GiB of RAM, which is overkill for this workload. PVE reports RAM usage like this:

Meanwhile, inside the VM:
PVE's report appears to be used + buff/cache. Is that right? I don't really understand what buff/cache is, but I assume Linux takes advantage of having free RAM to cache ... something useful, and would empty that cache if it needed more available RAM.
I've set up a Debian 13 VM with 4 GiB of RAM, which is overkill for this workload. PVE reports RAM usage like this:

Meanwhile, inside the VM:
Bash:
@flynn:~$ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3.8Gi 375Mi 3.0Gi 1.0Mi 725Mi 3.4Gi
Swap: 1.7Gi 0B 1.7Gi
PVE's report appears to be used + buff/cache. Is that right? I don't really understand what buff/cache is, but I assume Linux takes advantage of having free RAM to cache ... something useful, and would empty that cache if it needed more available RAM.