You could probably do a backup, boot a VM from a live iso and restore everything to your new disk.
It might be easier to install a VM with the bare OS from scratch and then rsync everything over with rsync -aAXv --numeric-ids --exclude={"etc/fstab","dev/*","proc/*","sys/*","tmp/*","run/*","mnt/*","media/*","lost+found"} -e "ssh -p <SSHPORT>" root@<yourIP>:/* /
though.