How would you fix this on a (physical) Windows machine when the disk was full and it does not boot anymore?
Maybe boot the VM with a GParted Live ISO and hope it can mount the virtual disk to delete files? Does Windows have rescue boot options. maybe?
Maybe add another Proxmox storage (remote NFS/SMB or physical drive) and create another Windows VM and use that to mount the existing drive to delete files?
I would restore a backup but you seem to have excluded the virtual disks. Since you don't seem to care about the data.I would delete the VM and make a new one (but not use thin storage).
I will try with GParted Live ISO and let you know.
Windows doesn't boot, it hangs on loading
I do care about the data, but I did a bad job setting up this VM
But you would be fine with losing it all when the drive breaks?! Next time, make a VM that is backed up (properly, 1-2-3 and all that) before putting important data on it.
EDIT: I do hope you setup discard/trim and installed VirtIO SCSI drivers inside the VM for the virtual disks. Otherwise deleting files might not even free up space...