At the last step (ceph-activate), I get:
root@pve1:~# ceph-disk activate /dev/sdc1
got monmap epoch 1
mount_activate: Failed to activate
ceph-disk: Error: ['ceph-osd', '--cluster', 'ceph', '--mkfs', '--mkkey', '-i', u'2', '--monmap', '/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.4Y75ui/activate.monmap', '--osd-data'...