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Crucial P3s are okay for win office machines, but nothing else.

I've upgraded one 4-node cluster,no problems for now.

https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/new-import-wizard-available-for-migrating-vmware-esxi-based-virtual-machines.144023/page-20#post-708443

You could update them via ansible, one by one.

If your SAN is zfs based,then yes, you could used zfs replication(storage replication in proxmox) .

The problem is these Kingstons are office or gaming drives, they are not inteded for serious work. Buy better drives.

Right.

available = 19.2 because of max3/min2 you lose 30% by default so around 12tb, and if you don't overfill it, 10tb. As for disks 6, but if all 6 disks die at the same time, it will be hard for ceph to be green, it would probably need around 30% more space(than used). Keep that in mind.

Available = 19.2 Usable = 12.8 and this is max. As always , around 80% not more should be filled, so 10TB lets say. Excluding node , probably the same number of disks can die.

You can get max failure of probaby disks, ie whole node down. if 2 nodes die, data doesnt get corrupted, you just don't have quorum and write access to the cluster. Your cluster is ideal for ceph beginnings and just testing everything(in production :) ) .

Then maybe you get best enterprise nvme and local storage.

Yes, meta cache is probably up to 1% ,but usually 0.3%

But this is not how PBS works, PBS doesnt use streaming, or anything inline, blocks are usually scattered on the whole raid, so you count random IOPS, not max.

You won't get better write or access speed with special device. If it is hetzner, demolish the server and bring it up with Raid10 atleast.

Yeah it will bring a bit of performance, when vieweing bacukups or similar.

With raid5 there isnt any performance gains,whatever you do. I have one PBS with it(since beta) and this is pretty much performance from it. If you need faster turnaround get ssds ,or atleast raid10 with special device.

Anything except CEPH in these number of nodes is by my opinion out of questions.

Don;t have exact number,but maybe something like 10 drives,10 nodes ,all flash?

I only had one client who split ceph and proxmox , it also worked well, but why i'm forcing small hyperconverged clusters , they are easier to maintain ,and ok if crash, because you usually build more small clusters.

Odd number of nodes, OSDs usually less than 10 per node ,and this should be it for smallish clusters(<15). Depending on hdd,ssd or nvme, 10g is minimum, with probably 25 or even 40gig in mind .