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so, what about iperf3 upload speed from your slow PVE host to another host ?

have you checked with iperf3 to the external PBS ?

so install Windows baremetal then VMware Workstation. Disabling hyperv with "bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off" will be required too.

I had a similar problem (but login Web page never reach here) over mobile connection over openvpn, was fixed with mssfix 1400. https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/problem-accessing-proxmox-gui-on-remote-site-connected-via-wireguard.141671/

ZFS write extra data, even with PBS which write only new data, ZFS wearout disk more than ext4. I don't see the advantage of ZFS over one disk. PBS has its checksum verification and its Remote Sync.

PBS require fast disks as it's store all data into thousands subfolders of .chunks folder, then data isn't more sequential. option 1 is the fastest. Forget ZFS if this is not datacenter drive with PLP. PBS isn't comparable to VZDUMP as PBS always do differential and dedu backup, for daily backup...

you've just tested iops as bs=4k, in worst case, 1 thread, 1 queue. Check nvme model specs if this wrong or not.

off topic, but where vpn is better than iptables rules (used by PVE Firewall) ? imo, mostly use iptables rules... edit: Actually I've more PVE with vpn access than iptables rules, but now since I've few statics ip, I deploy iptables rules, faster, cleaner, and why not : more secure)

of course, even it's the default setup

+1 if access cannot be done from static public ips, direct vpn into it is the way as no third parties involved.

https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/lost-all-data-on-zfs-raid10.154843/post-705354

Perhaps, we never know as PVE system is dead now. OP write PVE was installed as ext4 or xfs. Due to PVE système SSD crash, the other ZFS pool can be degraded. Even lost should never happen, it seems to be possible.

But system-crash is like power outage ! Seems some precious data was on disk's cache and was lost because disk's cache isn't protected. That's why HW raid controller disable disk's cache and use its cache protected by battery. DataCenter Flash disk's cache are protected too thanks to its PLP...

How do you test it ? how many time ? sequential with 4 threads & 32 queues ? within VM ? Windows VM ? 2 TB 990 Pro real write speed is more about 1,5 GB/s ( https://www.techpowerup.com/review/samsung-990-pro-2-tb/6.html ) + ZFS isn't oriented max perf filesystem. RAW disks over a LVM RAID0...

why write down exact model of the GPU where the most important is the model of the disks itself of course. How do you make the RAID0 ? As weekly reminder, consumer flash are slow for ZFS, will wear out quickly. Remember ZFS tank performance for their features too.

as ZFS or ext4 ?

Proxmox VE isn't involved.. Like baremetal, boot from WinPE iso with added NTPWedit .exe to Unlock built-in Administrator account.

only CLI : https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/datastore-recovery.72835/post-325491

you can't backup and restore from PBS. you need create a PBS user with only backup rights which used PVE side when adding PBS to PVE, this will prevent any deletions from PVE. + You PVE user require some rights too, to datastore, to all or specific VMs id, like privileges VM.Backup...

As reminder, if Windows VM, there is known issue. Current mitigations is downgrade virtio-scsi driver to version 0.1.208, within Windows Device Manager...