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Why did you post the error if you don't think it is related? ETA: You have given just about zero information about your configuration so whatever people offer will be a guess. Show us the output of "lsblk" for example. What steps have you taken and what output did you get? How did you create...

For i440 that may be the max memory.

Is the error message unclear in some way? You need to mount this storage.

Do you have at least 3 computers? Have you read the manual? ETA: Have you ever used Linux before?

No, it is not possible.

Any security risk for either is much, much, less than the risk of someone breaking into your router directly.

Most operating systems will use all otherwise-unused RAM as disk cache. That is probably what you are seeing. I don't know how the guest tools report RAM usage for OPNSense but some report cached as "used", some as "available" and some report it as "free". It doesn't really make any real...

What does 15% mean? Does it mean that 15% is "used" and some other amount is "cache & buffers"? The difference does not matter to PVE, whatever the RAM is used for, it is not free to allocate elsewhere as far as the hypervisor is concerned. You don't say if you do PCI pass-through of your...

Using more cores than the VM actually needs is a waste of cores. So the answer is it depends on the workload in that VM. IOW, you are asking the wrong question. The right question is "how many cores does this workload need"? You will usually have to experiment. Add a few more cores and see if it...

How much do you think it should use and why? Is this even an actual problem?

#1 might be true, but at normal WAN speeds you won't notice except maybe on the weakest hardware. #2 is true but why are you allocating more RAM than it needs to begin with? The CPU cost of a bridge won't be noticeable with that CPU and traffic. In my opinion PCI pass-thru is not worth it for a...

Maybe it writes one MTU-worth each time?

Yeah, 774 events/sec would be in the ballpark of my expectations. It does appear to be some weird interaction between sysbench and SMT. Not sure what that would show up in a single-threaded test. Maybe it has something to do with the kernel scheduler? Just speculating here. Glad you got to the...

I'm home now and running sysbench on the host itself gives about the same number as in the VM. Your 1528 has two fewer cores and a slightly lower clock speed (1.9 GHz vs 2.1) than my 1541 but is the same generation and same architecture. The single-thread performance should be pretty close I...

The D-1528 is an old chip though. Released in 2016. Haswell architecture. It also doesn't really have 12 cores, it has 6 plus SMT. Your results could be because of mitigations. Or it could be the particular tests you are running are bad for that chip. The Passmark site shows that it should be...

You probably have undelivered mail from when it was configured. Check in /var/spool and /var/mail. I'm not able to access my PVE right now but would suggest you review the PVE manual about notifications: https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#chapter_notifications Or maybe you...

Automounts are "on demand". IOW, they perform the mount when something opens a file or directory on the mount point. Did you try to cd into the mount point to see if it gets mounted then?

Are you sure your ISP allows outbound connections on port 25? It is pretty common to block that as an anti-spam measure. Maybe try to connect to your mail host manually using telnet or netcat to verify. If port 25 is blocked you will need to use the submission port, 587. That generally uses TLS...

"ip a" will show the mac address of all your interfaces. See the "link/ether" line. This is from a non-PVE Linux machine that has a bridge similar to PVE but with a different name: $ ip a <deleted> 6: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000...

The error message may mean something to someone else. Please post it along with as much context as possible.